What Weapons and Equipment Did the Soldiers on the Ancient Great Wall Have

The soldiers on the ancient Great Wall were equipped with a variety of weapons and gear. Archery was a fundamental skill, so bows and arrows were essential. The bows ranged from simple wooden ones to more elaborate composite bows, which had greater power and range. Arrows were crafted with sharp metal heads and feathers for stability in flight. Swords were another crucial weapon, used for close combat. They came in different lengths and styles, from the short and nimble dao to the longer and more powerful jian. Spears were also common, allowing soldiers to keep enemies at a distance. For defense, they had shields made of wood, leather, or a combination, often painted with symbols or patterns. Armor was vital for protection. It consisted of metal plates sewn onto leather or cloth, covering the torso, arms, and legs. Helmets were designed to safeguard the head. Additionally, soldiers carried signal flags, drums, and gongs to communicate with each other along the wall, forming a comprehensive set of equipment for both offense and defense.